Only 643 of the 487.138 companies registered in Norway in 2012 (1) had more than 250 employees. In fact, around 80% of the companies had less than 5 employees. Then it goes without saying that not all the smartest people in the world work for your company.
Getting access to new ideas
There are 6.8 billion people in the world – it’s an enormous amount of knowledge out there – and plenty of people holding knowledge that you do not have direct or indirect access to. Many of the most successful international companies have realized this. Their strategy is now more and more about how to get access to these people and their ideas. Many of the companies that perform best are those who utilize that knowledge base and exploit it to develop new products and services. This is called ‘Open innovation’.

To get the right answers you have to raise questions. And look for things in unusual contexts. From a trip to Stockholm many years ago.
Time is money
For the sake of clarity; Innovation is not just about new technology or products. Schumpeter defined innovation as new combinations of resources, eg. products, services, processes, markets, raw materials or re-organising entire industries.
Self-catering in banks or at IKEA are examples of service innovation. Actually it is also an example of process innovation – new ways of organizing work – because companies need fewer employees to perform a service. Other examples of new ways of organizing work can be found in the company Gore, who produces the Gore-Tex brand. Here an idea become an official project if an employee manages to convince other employees that it is worth it and get them to spend time on it.
In Google employees can use up to 20% of their time to work on their own projects and ideas. The same can be said about 3M, Apple and Virgin, they all have means to get ideas brought to the table. And the ideas that come out of such process innovations create new growth and profitability for companies. They actually often prove to be the most profitable new assets.
Secrecy or openness
Most companies come to a point in time where they need to look for new ways to secure further growth. I argue that innovation is a highly suitable growth strategy, taken into consideration brand development, to-market strategies, cost and building a sustainable competitive advantage.
But isn’t it so, that innovation often has the basis in internal processes – either through regular R&D work, or dedicated personnel in a company that is set to develop and refine new products, services or business models?
Many companies and organizations have a tendency to keep a lid on such research and development; “We must not disclose this method”, “we can not post that on the Internet”, are statements to be heard in such environments. Positioning and competitive strategies, by the learning of Porter and Ansoff, has created high barriers for sharing of knowledge. But the way to innovate and bring new ideas to the market is changing radically. And introvert forms of innovation is being replaced by open innovation.
Nowadays it’s a trend among major international companies to look for innovative power other places than before. IBM and Proctor&Gamle have been pride examples of companies doing just that. The companies openly states the areas where they have challenges, which innovative solutions they are seeking and they connect to external environments that can bring on new ideas.
How it works
The difference between open and closed innovation can be illustrated using a funnel, as cleverly explained by leading scientist on the topic, Henry Chesbrough. In a closed system the ideas come in one way and goes out one way. Capturing ideas, selecting and further developing them, mostly happens within the company. Some ideas are stopped before they get to mature and only ideas that fit in to the existing business strategy are taken to market. The rest are often placed in a drawer.

Illustrates a closed innovation system, where ideas come in one way and out the other. (Henry Chesbrough)
In an open innovation system both ideas from within a company and ideas from the outside come into the funnel through various ways. New technology and input from both external and internal sources can be assessed during the process, and ideas can be better adapted to applied technology or methods. Typical external sources are clients, vendors, partners, competitors, academia and firms from other industries. Statoil did in fact do just that developing our new rig concepts, designing them in collaboration sessions together with vendors such as rig owners, drilling contractors and yards. Applying known technology in new ways.

Illustrates an open innovation funnel, more collaborative, where ideas come in different ways and goes out different ways. (Henry Chesbrough).
The ideas can also be taken out in the market in different ways, either through the establishment of joint ventures, licensing the idea, establishing spin-off companies or by using the company’s own marketing and sales channels.
Of course intellectual property (IP) rights needs to be clarified in such processes, I will not address that spesifically this time.
Sharing is beliving
Open innovation is not merely a method reserved for big companies with a large spend on R&D. It is as much of an attitude and a way of thinking. It is an approach to knowledge that is useful for any manager; to share knowledge gives more knowledge! New ways to share information, inspiration and ideas can be used in areas such as product design, distribution, marketing models, business models, social responsibility, market research, licensing, sales, and not to forget research and development.
Connect and develop
Proctor&Gamble was an example I looked in to when I wrote my MBA thesis on branding and innovation. Their innovation program “Connect&Develop” is built on a philosophy that the company’s researchers and developers should seek to find experts and environments to help the company’s further development and growth. The CEO of Proctor&Gamble stated to BusinessWeek in 2010 that they had partners for around 50 % of new products, whichupon they obviously saved huge costs. Thus they increased their profit margin even though they still spent a lot of money on R&D and branding to support innovation. This is a way of thinking also familiar to Statoil. Two years ago we launched an open innovation website “innovate.statoil.com” where people can register their ideas and get funding or connect with communities that can develop the idea with them. We also launch innovation challenges on topics where we need new ideas.
Critical to drive growth
The motive most companies provide as reason to move toward a more open innovation approach is a belief that exploiting the technology that exists outside of the company is critical to driving growth. Open innovation ensures that innovation is speeded up and the product or service comes to market faster – with a better business model. An open innovation process can provide shared risk and shared costs. But not only that, according to McKinsey (and pure logic), companies could also achieve profitability through enhanced brand or strategic position.
The question is, are you willing to open up and give away some power to achieve higher profitability?
(1) offshore industry excluded, source: ssb.no